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Key Idea: The protein molecules an organism makes affect the organism’s physical traits, physiology, and behaviors.

Students are expected to know that:

  1. The presence, amount, type, or actions of protein molecules made in an organism’s cells are reflected in an organism’s traits.
  2. Protein molecules are involved in chemical reactions that are responsible for an organism’s body functions.

Boundaries:

  1. Students are not expected to know any of the specific reactions that link proteins to traits.
Frequency of selecting a misconception

Misconception
ID Number

Student Misconception

Pre-Test Post-Test (Control) Post-Test (Treatment)

RHM069

The actions of protein molecules do not affect the speed of chemical reactions (AAAS Project 2061, n.d.).

17%

17%

15%

RHM070

The actions of protein molecules do not help molecules enter in and leave cells (AAAS Project 2061, n.d.).

17%

15%

13%

RHM067

The actions of protein molecules do not affect an organism's body structures (AAAS Project 2061, n.d.).

14%

12%

7%

RHM071

The actions of protein molecules do not affect an organism's physical characteristics (AAAS Project 2061, n.d.).

12%

12%

7%

RHM068

The actions of protein molecules do not affect the basic functions of cells (AAAS Project 2061, n.d.).

11%

10%

6%

Frequency of selecting a misconception was calculated by dividing the total number of times a misconception was chosen by the number of times it could have been chosen, averaged over the number of students answering the questions within this particular idea.