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Which of the following processes creates new alleles in a population?

  1. Disease
  2. Natural Selection
  3. Predation
  4. Mutation

Pre-Test

Distribution of responses (prior to studying evolution in high school)
Answer Choice
Overall
Grades
Gender
Primary Language
 
n = 558
6–8
n = 25
9–12
n = 498
Male
n = 243
Female
n = 274
English
n = 502
Other
n = 19
A. Disease 9% 20% 8% 8% 8% 9% 5%
B. Natural Selection 29% 28% 28% 29% 27% 27% 37%
C. Predation 4% 4% 4% 5% 3% 4% 0%
D. Mutation 58% 48% 60% 58% 61% 60% 58%

Post-Test (Control)

Distribution of responses (following typical high school instruction on evolution)
Answer Choice
Overall
Grades
Gender
Primary Language
 
n = 294
6–8
n = 23
9–12
n = 247
Male
n = 109
Female
n = 171
English
n = 264
Other
n = 9
A. Disease 3% 0% 3% 2% 4% 3% 0%
B. Natural Selection 34% 39% 34% 31% 36% 34% 56%
C. Predation 3% 0% 2% 3% 3% 2% 0%
D. Mutation 61% 61% 61% 64% 57% 61% 44%

Post-Test (Treatment)

Distribution of responses (following completion of an evolution curriculum module)
Answer Choice
Overall
Grades
Gender
Primary Language
 
n = 281
6–8
n = 3
9–12
n = 257
Male
n = 132
Female
n = 140
English
n = 254
Other
n = 11
A. Disease 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0%
B. Natural Selection 25% 0% 26% 30% 23% 25% 27%
C. Predation 1% 0% 1% 2% 0% 1% 0%
D. Mutation 74% 100% 73% 68% 77% 74% 73%