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Item EM036003: In natural selection, some individuals of the same species have heritable traits that increase in frequency over many generations because they contribute more offspring to the next generation having that trait.

Which of the following describes the process of evolution by natural selection?

  1. Individuals change to better fit the environment, and these changes become more frequent in the population.
  2. The environment changes, and all members of a species either evolve into a new species or the species goes extinct (dies out).
  3. Individuals of the same species have different versions of heritable traits, and a particular version increases in frequency over many generations if individuals with that version contribute more offspring to the next generation.
  4. Individuals of two species compete for resources like food, water, and space, and one species wins and lives on, and the other species loses and goes extinct (dies out).
Distribution of Responses
Chart showing distrubtion of responses for Item EN036003
Points Earned
Group Correct Total Percent
Overall 192 558 34%
Grades
  6–8 12 25 48%
  9–12 169 498 34%
Gender
  Male9124337%
  Female9027433%
Primary Language
  English17350234%
  Other71937%

View data table

Distribution of Responses
Chart showing distrubtion of responses for Item EN036003
Points Earned
Group Correct Total Percent
Overall 130 294 44%
Grades
  6–8 11 23 48%
  9–12 112 247 45%
Gender
  Male5810953%
  Female6717139%
Primary Language
  English11926445%
  Other5956%

View data table

Distribution of Responses
Chart showing distrubtion of responses for Item EN036003
Points Earned
Group Correct Total Percent
Overall 162 281 58%
Grades
  6–8 1 3 33%
  9–12 145 257 56%
Gender
  Male7113254%
  Female8514061%
Primary Language
  English14425457%
  Other41136%

View data table