ASPECt
Energy: Forms, Transformation, Transfer, and Conservation
Item RG205001: Chemical energy is converted into thermal energy and kinetic energy (motion energy) as runners run.
Two runners line up at the starting line of a track. Then their friend blows a whistle to start the race. The runners run as fast as they can to the finish line. During the race, both runners get warmer and start to sweat. Which of the following describes how energy changes while the runners are running?
- The runners make thermal energy and kinetic energy (motion energy) as they run.
- Thermal energy is converted into kinetic energy (motion energy) as they run.
- Chemical energy is converted into thermal energy and kinetic energy (motion energy) as they run.
- Some of the matter that makes up the runners is converted into thermal energy and kinetic energy (motion energy) as they run.
- Distribution of Responses
- Scale Score for Item Difficulty
(200[Easy]-800[Difficult]) - 527
- Students Responding Correctly
| Group | Correct | Total | Percent |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 477 | 1683 | 28% |
| Grades | |||
| 4–5 | 67 | 297 | 23% |
| 6–8 | 257 | 843 | 30% |
| 9–12 | 153 | 543 | 28% |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 229 | 758 | 30% |
| Female | 241 | 888 | 27% |
| Primary Language | |||
| English | 421 | 1514 | 28% |
| Other | 49 | 128 | 38% |
- Disciplinary Core Ideas
- PS3.A The faster a given object is moving, the more energy it possesses.
PS3.D Cellular respiration in plants and animals involve chemical reactions with oxygen that release stored energy. In these processes, complex molecules containing carbon react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and other materials. - NRC Framework
- PS3.D Food and fuel also release energy when they are digested or burned.