Science Assessment ~ Ideas ~ Motion energy (kinetic energy) is associated with the speed and the mass of an object.

Key Idea: Objects tend to get warmer when they use or take in energy or when they interact with each other.

Sub-Ideas
Items & Student Performance
Misconceptions
NGSS

Students should know that:

When two objects are rubbed against or collide with each other, they both get warmer.
When an electrical device (e.g., computer, radio, cell phone, or remote controlled car) is used, the device gets warmer.
When a machine “uses” energy (e.g., to make something happen), the machine and the surrounding environment get warmer.
When an animal “uses” energy (e.g., to perform basic body functions), the animal and the surrounding environment get warmer.

Boundaries:

Items do not ask students to calculate how much warmer the object gets.

Percent of students answering correctly (click on the item ID number to view the item and additional data)
Item ID Number	Knowledge Being Assessed	Grades 4–5	Grades 6–8	Grades 9–12
RG013003	The bottom of a laptop will be a little warmer after being on for an hour.	66%	71%	73%
RG012002	After a boy rubs a crayon on paper the end of the crayon will get a little warmer.	63%	70%	74%
RG011005	Parts of a toy train will get a little warmer as a child pushes it even though the child may not notice it.	63%	61%	68%
RG011006	The temperature of the parts of a toy train that rub together will increase a little as a child pushes it even though the child may not notice it.	65%	55%	61%
RG029004	After a child plays with a remote controlled car, the remote control will be a little warmer because it uses a battery, and the wheels will be a little warmer because they rubbed against the floor.	52%	58%	63%
RG087002	A cell phone will be a little warmer after a man makes a call using the phone's speaker.	51%	47%	59%

Frequency of selecting a misconception
Misconception ID Number	Student Misconception	Grades 4–5	Grades 6–8	Grades 9–12
RGM005	Energy does not degrade (Trumper). It can be recycled through an ecosystem many times.	9%	9%	8%
RGM008	When energy degrades there is a decrease in the total amount of energy (Pinto, et al., 2005).	8%	7%	8%

Frequency of selecting a misconception was calculated by dividing the total number of times a misconception was chosen by the number of times it could have been chosen, averaged over the number of students answering the questions within this particular idea.

No NGSS statements are associated with this idea in the selected project.